2007-12-30 13:58 HorsePunchKid

Character Reference Display

Different programming and markup languages encode or escape these characters in different ways. In general, you want to use the character's code point, which in UTF-8 is the so-called "U+ number" you'll find below. This is a hexadecimal number, though it may start with a 0 instead of the 0x you may be used to seeing.

HTML
Find the U+ number and use &#xnnnn;.
CSS
Find the U+ number and use \nnnn;.
Javascript
Find the U+ number and use \unnnn;.

See Character entity references in HTML 4 for more information. I made this page because I could not find a more complete, more usable reference online. If you find one, let me know!

Code Glyph Description
Main List
nbsp   no-break space = non-breaking space, U+00A0 ISOnum
iexcl ¡ inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1 ISOnum
cent ¢ cent sign, U+00A2 ISOnum
pound £ pound sign, U+00A3 ISOnum
curren ¤ currency sign, U+00A4 ISOnum
yen ¥ yen sign = yuan sign, U+00A5 ISOnum
brvbar ¦ broken bar = broken vertical bar, U+00A6 ISOnum
sect § section sign, U+00A7 ISOnum
uml ¨ diaeresis = spacing diaeresis, U+00A8 ISOdia
copy © copyright sign, U+00A9 ISOnum
ordf ª feminine ordinal indicator, U+00AA ISOnum
laquo « left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet, U+00AB ISOnum
not ¬ not sign, U+00AC ISOnum
shy ­ soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen, U+00AD ISOnum
reg ® registered sign = registered trade mark sign, U+00AE ISOnum
macr ¯ macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar, U+00AF ISOdia
deg ° degree sign, U+00B0 ISOnum
plusmn ± plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign, U+00B1 ISOnum
sup2 ² superscript two = superscript digit two = squared, U+00B2 ISOnum
sup3 ³ superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed, U+00B3 ISOnum
acute ´ acute accent = spacing acute, U+00B4 ISOdia
micro µ micro sign, U+00B5 ISOnum
para pilcrow sign = paragraph sign, U+00B6 ISOnum
middot · middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot, U+00B7 ISOnum
cedil ¸ cedilla = spacing cedilla, U+00B8 ISOdia
sup1 ¹ superscript one = superscript digit one, U+00B9 ISOnum
ordm º masculine ordinal indicator, U+00BA ISOnum
raquo » right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet, U+00BB ISOnum
frac14 ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter, U+00BC ISOnum
frac12 ½ vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum
frac34 ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters, U+00BE ISOnum
iquest ¿ inverted question mark = turned question mark, U+00BF ISOnum
Agrave À latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave, U+00C0 ISOlat1
Aacute Á latin capital letter A with acute, U+00C1 ISOlat1
Acirc  latin capital letter A with circumflex, U+00C2 ISOlat1
Atilde à latin capital letter A with tilde, U+00C3 ISOlat1
Auml Ä latin capital letter A with diaeresis, U+00C4 ISOlat1
Aring Å latin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ring, U+00C5 ISOlat1
AElig Æ latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE, U+00C6 ISOlat1
Ccedil Ç latin capital letter C with cedilla, U+00C7 ISOlat1
Egrave È latin capital letter E with grave, U+00C8 ISOlat1
Eacute É latin capital letter E with acute, U+00C9 ISOlat1
Ecirc Ê latin capital letter E with circumflex, U+00CA ISOlat1
Euml Ë latin capital letter E with diaeresis, U+00CB ISOlat1
Igrave Ì latin capital letter I with grave, U+00CC ISOlat1
Iacute Í latin capital letter I with acute, U+00CD ISOlat1
Icirc Î latin capital letter I with circumflex, U+00CE ISOlat1
Iuml Ï latin capital letter I with diaeresis, U+00CF ISOlat1
ETH Ð latin capital letter ETH, U+00D0 ISOlat1
Ntilde Ñ latin capital letter N with tilde, U+00D1 ISOlat1
Ograve Ò latin capital letter O with grave, U+00D2 ISOlat1
Oacute Ó latin capital letter O with acute, U+00D3 ISOlat1
Ocirc Ô latin capital letter O with circumflex, U+00D4 ISOlat1
Otilde Õ latin capital letter O with tilde, U+00D5 ISOlat1
Ouml Ö latin capital letter O with diaeresis, U+00D6 ISOlat1
times × multiplication sign, U+00D7 ISOnum
Oslash Ø latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash, U+00D8 ISOlat1
Ugrave Ù latin capital letter U with grave, U+00D9 ISOlat1
Uacute Ú latin capital letter U with acute, U+00DA ISOlat1
Ucirc Û latin capital letter U with circumflex, U+00DB ISOlat1
Uuml Ü latin capital letter U with diaeresis, U+00DC ISOlat1
Yacute Ý latin capital letter Y with acute, U+00DD ISOlat1
THORN Þ latin capital letter THORN, U+00DE ISOlat1
szlig ß latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed, U+00DF ISOlat1
agrave à latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave, U+00E0 ISOlat1
aacute á latin small letter a with acute, U+00E1 ISOlat1
acirc â latin small letter a with circumflex, U+00E2 ISOlat1
atilde ã latin small letter a with tilde, U+00E3 ISOlat1
auml ä latin small letter a with diaeresis, U+00E4 ISOlat1
aring å latin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ring, U+00E5 ISOlat1
aelig æ latin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae, U+00E6 ISOlat1
ccedil ç latin small letter c with cedilla, U+00E7 ISOlat1
egrave è latin small letter e with grave, U+00E8 ISOlat1
eacute é latin small letter e with acute, U+00E9 ISOlat1
ecirc ê latin small letter e with circumflex, U+00EA ISOlat1
euml ë latin small letter e with diaeresis, U+00EB ISOlat1
igrave ì latin small letter i with grave, U+00EC ISOlat1
iacute í latin small letter i with acute, U+00ED ISOlat1
icirc î latin small letter i with circumflex, U+00EE ISOlat1
iuml ï latin small letter i with diaeresis, U+00EF ISOlat1
eth ð latin small letter eth, U+00F0 ISOlat1
ntilde ñ latin small letter n with tilde, U+00F1 ISOlat1
ograve ò latin small letter o with grave, U+00F2 ISOlat1
oacute ó latin small letter o with acute, U+00F3 ISOlat1
ocirc ô latin small letter o with circumflex, U+00F4 ISOlat1
otilde õ latin small letter o with tilde, U+00F5 ISOlat1
ouml ö latin small letter o with diaeresis, U+00F6 ISOlat1
divide ÷ division sign, U+00F7 ISOnum
oslash ø latin small letter o with stroke, = latin small letter o slash, U+00F8 ISOlat1
ugrave ù latin small letter u with grave, U+00F9 ISOlat1
uacute ú latin small letter u with acute, U+00FA ISOlat1
ucirc û latin small letter u with circumflex, U+00FB ISOlat1
uuml ü latin small letter u with diaeresis, U+00FC ISOlat1
yacute ý latin small letter y with acute, U+00FD ISOlat1
thorn þ latin small letter thorn, U+00FE ISOlat1
yuml ÿ latin small letter y with diaeresis, U+00FF ISOlat1
Latin Extended-B
fnof ƒ latin small f with hook = function = florin, U+0192 ISOtech
Greek
Alpha Α greek capital letter alpha, U+0391
Beta Β greek capital letter beta, U+0392
Gamma Γ greek capital letter gamma, U+0393 ISOgrk3
Delta Δ greek capital letter delta, U+0394 ISOgrk3
Epsilon Ε greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395
Zeta Ζ greek capital letter zeta, U+0396
Eta Η greek capital letter eta, U+0397
Theta Θ greek capital letter theta, U+0398 ISOgrk3
Iota Ι greek capital letter iota, U+0399
Kappa Κ greek capital letter kappa, U+039A
Lambda Λ greek capital letter lambda, U+039B ISOgrk3
Mu Μ greek capital letter mu, U+039C
Nu Ν greek capital letter nu, U+039D
Xi Ξ greek capital letter xi, U+039E ISOgrk3
Omicron Ο greek capital letter omicron, U+039F
Pi Π greek capital letter pi, U+03A0 ISOgrk3
Rho Ρ greek capital letter rho, U+03A1 (there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either)
Sigma Σ greek capital letter sigma, U+03A3 ISOgrk3
Tau Τ greek capital letter tau, U+03A4
Upsilon Υ greek capital letter upsilon, U+03A5 ISOgrk3
Phi Φ greek capital letter phi, U+03A6 ISOgrk3
Chi Χ greek capital letter chi, U+03A7
Psi Ψ greek capital letter psi, U+03A8 ISOgrk3
Omega Ω greek capital letter omega, U+03A9 ISOgrk3
alpha α greek small letter alpha, U+03B1 ISOgrk3
beta β greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3
gamma γ greek small letter gamma, U+03B3 ISOgrk3
delta δ greek small letter delta, U+03B4 ISOgrk3
epsilon ε greek small letter epsilon, U+03B5 ISOgrk3
zeta ζ greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3
eta η greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3
theta θ greek small letter theta, U+03B8 ISOgrk3
iota ι greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3
kappa κ greek small letter kappa, U+03BA ISOgrk3
lambda λ greek small letter lambda, U+03BB ISOgrk3
mu μ greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3
nu ν greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3
xi ξ greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3
omicron ο greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW
pi π greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3
rho ρ greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3
sigmaf ς greek small letter final sigma, U+03C2 ISOgrk3
sigma σ greek small letter sigma, U+03C3 ISOgrk3
tau τ greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3
upsilon υ greek small letter upsilon, U+03C5 ISOgrk3
phi φ greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3
chi χ greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3
psi ψ greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3
omega ω greek small letter omega, U+03C9 ISOgrk3
thetasym ϑ greek small letter theta symbol, U+03D1 NEW
upsih ϒ greek upsilon with hook symbol, U+03D2 NEW
piv ϖ greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3
General Punctuation
bull • bullet = black small circle, U+2022 ISOpub (bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219)
hellip … horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader, U+2026 ISOpub
prime ′ prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech
Prime ″ double prime = seconds = inches, U+2033 ISOtech
oline ‾ overline = spacing overscore, U+203E NEW
frasl ⁄ fraction slash, U+2044 NEW
Letterlike Symbols
weierp ℘ script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso
image ℑ blackletter capital I = imaginary part, U+2111 ISOamso
real ℜ blackletter capital R = real part symbol, U+211C ISOamso
trade ™ trade mark sign, U+2122 ISOnum
alefsym ℵ alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal, U+2135 NEW (alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef, U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters)
Arrows
larr ← leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum
uarr ↑ upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum
rarr → rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum
darr ↓ downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum
harr ↔ left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa
crarr ↵ downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return, U+21B5 NEW
lArr ⇐ leftwards double arrow, U+21D0 ISOtech (ISO 10646 does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can be used for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests)
uArr ⇑ upwards double arrow, U+21D1 ISOamsa
rArr ⇒ rightwards double arrow, U+21D2 ISOtech (ISO 10646 does not say this is the 'implies' character but does not have another character with this function so ? rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests
dArr ⇓ downwards double arrow, U+21D3 ISOamsa
hArr ⇔ left right double arrow, U+21D4 ISOamsa
Mathematical Operators
forall ∀ for all, U+2200 ISOtech
part ∂ partial differential, U+2202 ISOtech
exist ∃ there exists, U+2203 ISOtech
empty ∅ empty set = null set = diameter, U+2205 ISOamso
nabla ∇ nabla = backward difference, U+2207 ISOtech
isin ∈ element of, U+2208 ISOtech
notin ∉ not an element of, U+2209 ISOtech
ni ∋ contains as member, U+220B ISOtech (should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'?)
prod ∏ n-ary product = product sign, U+220F ISOamsb (prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though the same glyph might be used for both)
sum ∑ n-ary sumation, U+2211 ISOamsb (sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma' though the same glyph might be used for both)
minus − minus sign, U+2212 ISOtech
lowast ∗ asterisk operator, U+2217 ISOtech
radic √ square root = radical sign, U+221A ISOtech
prop ∝ proportional to, U+221D ISOtech
infin ∞ infinity, U+221E ISOtech
ang ∠ angle, U+2220 ISOamso
and ∧ logical and = wedge, U+2227 ISOtech
or ∨ logical or = vee, U+2228 ISOtech
cap ∩ intersection = cap, U+2229 ISOtech
cup ∪ union = cup, U+222A ISOtech
int ∫ integral, U+222B ISOtech
there4 ∴ therefore, U+2234 ISOtech
sim ∼ tilde operator = varies with = similar to, U+223C ISOtech (tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E, although the same glyph might be used to represent both)
cong ≅ approximately equal to, U+2245 ISOtech
asymp ≈ almost equal to = asymptotic to, U+2248 ISOamsr
ne ≠ not equal to, U+2260 ISOtech
equiv ≡ identical to, U+2261 ISOtech
le ≤ less-than or equal to, U+2264 ISOtech
ge ≥ greater-than or equal to, U+2265 ISOtech
sub ⊂ subset of, U+2282 ISOtech
sup ⊃ superset of, U+2283 ISOtech (note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry? It is in ISOamsn)
nsub ⊄ not a subset of, U+2284 ISOamsn
sube ⊆ subset of or equal to, U+2286 ISOtech
supe ⊇ superset of or equal to, U+2287 ISOtech
oplus ⊕ circled plus = direct sum, U+2295 ISOamsb
otimes ⊗ circled times = vector product, U+2297 ISOamsb
perp ⊥ up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular, U+22A5 ISOtech
sdot ⋅ dot operator, U+22C5 ISOamsb (dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot)
Miscellaneous Technical
lceil ⌈ left ceiling = apl upstile, U+2308 ISOamsc
rceil ⌉ right ceiling, U+2309 ISOamsc
lfloor ⌊ left floor = apl downstile, U+230A ISOamsc
rfloor ⌋ right floor, U+230B ISOamsc
lang 〈 left-pointing angle bracket = bra, U+2329 ISOtech (lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than' or U+2039 'single left-pointing angle quotation mark')
rang 〉 right-pointing angle bracket = ket, U+232A ISOtech (rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than' or U+203A 'single right-pointing angle quotation mark')
Geometric Shapes
loz ◊ lozenge, U+25CA ISOpub
Miscellaneous Symbols
spades ♠ black spade suit, U+2660 ISOpub (black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow)
clubs ♣ black club suit = shamrock, U+2663 ISOpub
hearts ♥ black heart suit = valentine, U+2665 ISOpub
diams ♦ black diamond suit, U+2666 ISOpub
C0 Controls and Basic Latin
quot " quotation mark = APL quote, U+0022 ISOnum
amp & ampersand, U+0026 ISOnum
lt < less-than sign, U+003C ISOnum
gt > greater-than sign, U+003E ISOnum
Latin Extended-A
OElig Πlatin capital ligature OE, U+0152 ISOlat2
oelig œ latin small ligature oe, U+0153 ISOlat2 (ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages)
Scaron Š latin capital letter S with caron, U+0160 ISOlat2
scaron š latin small letter s with caron, U+0161 ISOlat2
Yuml Ÿ latin capital letter Y with diaeresis, U+0178 ISOlat2
Spacing Modifier Letters
circ ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent, U+02C6 ISOpub
tilde ˜ small tilde, U+02DC ISOdia
General Punctuation
ensp   en space, U+2002 ISOpub
emsp   em space, U+2003 ISOpub
thinsp   thin space, U+2009 ISOpub
zwnj ‌ zero width non-joiner, U+200C NEW RFC 2070
zwj ‍ zero width joiner, U+200D NEW RFC 2070
lrm ‎ left-to-right mark, U+200E NEW RFC 2070
rlm ‏ right-to-left mark, U+200F NEW RFC 2070
ndash – en dash, U+2013 ISOpub
mdash — em dash, U+2014 ISOpub
lsquo ‘ left single quotation mark, U+2018 ISOnum
rsquo ’ right single quotation mark, U+2019 ISOnum
sbquo ‚ single low-9 quotation mark, U+201A NEW
ldquo “ left double quotation mark, U+201C ISOnum
rdquo ” right double quotation mark, U+201D ISOnum
bdquo „ double low-9 quotation mark, U+201E NEW
dagger † dagger, U+2020 ISOpub
Dagger ‡ double dagger, U+2021 ISOpub
permil ‰ per mille sign, U+2030 ISOtech
lsaquo ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation mark, U+2039 ISO proposed (lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized)
rsaquo › single right-pointing angle quotation mark, U+203A ISO proposed (rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized)
euro € euro sign, U+20AC NEW
‹ WEFTupHotKanji ›